L2 learning

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According to Mitchell&Myles ' point of view about the second language learner:
The second language learners can be children, or they can be adults; they maybe learning the target language formally in school or college, or they learning in the social environment. English becomes highly target language in the late twentieth century. Researchers have been concerned primarily with analysing and modelling the inner mental mechanisms available to the individual learner, for provessing, learning, and storing new language knowledge. Their aim is to ducument universal mental provesses available to all normal human beings. There is some controversy among researchers in this pyscholinguistic tradition on the question of age and many other researchers agree with some version of a view that "younger=better in the long run". Social psychologists have argued consistently that these differences in learning outcomes must be due to individual differences between learners and many proposals have been made converning the characteristic which supposedly cause these differences. There are three cognitive factors: intelligence, language aptitude and language learning strategies. And three affective factors: language attitudes, motivation and language anxiety. Two perspectives on the learner which we have highlighted so far have concentrated first, on universal characteristics, and second, on individual characteristics. Interest in the learner as a social being will lead to concern with their relationship with the social context, and the structuring of the learning opportunities which it makes available.





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